Lariam (Mefloquine)

Lariam, also known by its generic name Mefloquine, is a widely recognized medication primarily used to prevent and treat malaria, a potentially life-threatening disease transmitted through mosquito bites in regions where the disease is prevalent. This medication belongs to the class of drugs called antimalarials, specifically categorized as a 4-quinoline compound. Lariam is highly effective in preventing malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax, two of the most common malaria-causing parasites.

Mefloquine works by targeting the malaria parasites inside the body, preventing their growth and multiplication. This ultimately reduces the severity and duration of malaria symptoms if contracted. Additionally, Lariam is often prescribed to travelers visiting malaria-endemic regions, military personnel stationed in such areas, and individuals who live in or travel to regions with a high risk of malaria transmission.

One of the advantages of Lariam is its long-lasting effect, which makes it a convenient choice for travelers. It typically needs to be taken only once a week, starting one to two weeks before entering a malaria-prone area, continuing during the stay, and for four weeks after leaving the area. This dosing regimen can vary depending on individual circumstances, so it is essential to consult with a healthcare professional for precise guidance.

Lariam is generally well-tolerated, but like any medication, it may have potential side effects and contraindications.

Lariam, also known by its generic name Mefloquine, is an antimalarial medication that works to prevent and treat malaria, a life-threatening mosquito-borne disease caused by Plasmodium parasites. To understand how Lariam works, it’s essential to delve into its mechanism of action and its impact on the malaria-causing parasites.

Lariam operates as a blood schizonticide, meaning it targets the Plasmodium parasites during their development stage within red blood cells. When a person is bitten by a malaria-infected mosquito, the parasites enter their bloodstream and begin to multiply. This is where Lariam comes into play.

1. Inhibition of Parasite Growth: Lariam interferes with the parasites’ ability to replicate and grow inside red blood cells. It does so by inhibiting a crucial enzyme called dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase (DHFR-TS), which is vital for the parasite’s DNA synthesis. By disrupting this process, Lariam effectively prevents the parasites from multiplying and spreading throughout the body.
2. Killing the Parasites: Lariam not only hinders parasite replication but also causes direct harm to the existing parasites. It accumulates in the parasite’s digestive vacuoles, leading to the accumulation of toxic byproducts. This accumulation eventually becomes lethal to the parasites, causing their demise.
3. Preventing Relapse: Lariam is particularly effective against some drug-resistant strains of Plasmodium, making it an essential tool in regions where resistance to other antimalarials is a concern.

Mefloquine, commonly known by its brand name Lariam, is a highly effective antimalarial medication. When used as prescribed, Lariam offers several key benefits to travelers and individuals residing in or visiting malaria-endemic regions:

1. Effective Malaria Prevention: Lariam is known for its potency in preventing malaria. It is particularly useful in areas where malaria parasites have developed resistance to other antimalarial drugs. The medication works by killing the Plasmodium parasite responsible for the disease, thus reducing the risk of infection.
2. Long-Lasting Protection: One of the standout advantages of Lariam is its prolonged effectiveness. A single dose can provide protection against malaria for up to several weeks, making it a suitable choice for travelers who may not have easy access to healthcare facilities in remote regions.
3. Convenient Dosage: Lariam is typically taken as a weekly dose, which simplifies the dosing regimen for travelers and helps improve adherence to the medication. This convenience makes it a preferred option for those on extended trips to malaria-prone areas.
4. Well-Tolerated: While some individuals may experience mild side effects like nausea or vivid dreams, most people tolerate Lariam well. It is important to note that side effects can vary from person to person, and healthcare professionals can provide guidance on managing them.
5. Wide Applicability: Lariam is suitable for both adults and children, making it a versatile choice for families traveling together. It can also be used by pregnant women under certain circumstances, as advised by a healthcare provider.
6. Proven Track Record: Lariam has been used for decades in various parts of the world, including regions with high malaria prevalence. Its long history of use underscores its reliability and effectiveness in preventing malaria.
7. Prescription-Based: Lariam is only available with a prescription, which ensures that it is used responsibly under the guidance of healthcare professionals, reducing the risk of misuse or overuse.

Lariam, also known by its generic name Mefloquine, is a widely used medication for the prevention and treatment of malaria. While Lariam is effective in combating this life-threatening disease, it is crucial to be aware of its potential side effects to ensure safe usage.

Common Side Effects of Lariam:

1. Gastrointestinal Issues: Some individuals may experience nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea shortly after taking Lariam. Taking the medication with food can help mitigate these symptoms.
2. Dizziness and Vertigo: Lariam can occasionally cause dizziness and a feeling of unsteadiness, which may affect your balance. It is advised not to operate heavy machinery or engage in activities requiring focus until you know how the medication affects you.
3. Mood Changes: Lariam may lead to mood swings, anxiety, or depression in some users. If you notice any significant changes in your mood, consult your healthcare provider immediately.
4. Sleep Disturbances: Insomnia or vivid dreams can occur as a result of Lariam use. If sleep disturbances become severe or persistent, inform your healthcare provider.

Less Common Side Effects:

1. Neurological Symptoms: Rarely, Lariam can cause more severe neurological symptoms such as seizures or hallucinations. Seek medical attention immediately if you experience these symptoms.
2. Skin Reactions: Some individuals may develop skin rashes or itching as a reaction to Lariam. If this occurs, discontinue use and consult a healthcare professional.

It’s important to note that the side effects of Lariam can vary from person to person. Most individuals tolerate the medication well, and the benefits of malaria prevention often outweigh the potential risks.

Lariam, also known by its generic name mefloquine, is a widely used medication for the prevention of malaria. While it is effective in preventing this potentially life-threatening disease, it is essential to be aware of certain warnings and cautions associated with its use.

1. Allergies: Before taking Lariam, inform your healthcare provider if you have any known allergies to mefloquine or any other medications. Allergic reactions can lead to severe side effects, and alternative malaria prevention options should be considered in such cases.
2. Neuropsychiatric Effects: Lariam may cause neuropsychiatric side effects such as anxiety, depression, hallucinations, and vivid dreams. If you or someone you know experiences these symptoms, discontinue the medication and seek immediate medical attention.
3. Seizures: Individuals with a history of seizures or certain psychiatric disorders should use Lariam cautiously, as it may increase the risk of seizures. Discuss your medical history with your healthcare provider to determine if Lariam is suitable for you.
4. Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Lariam is generally not recommended during pregnancy, especially in the first trimester. It may also be excreted in breast milk, potentially affecting the nursing infant. Consult your healthcare provider for alternative antimalarial options if you are pregnant or breastfeeding.
5. Interaction with Other Medications: Lariam may interact with certain medications, including antiepileptic drugs and antidepressants. Inform your healthcare provider about all the medications you are taking to avoid potential drug interactions.
6. Contraindications: Lariam is contraindicated in individuals with a history of psychiatric disorders, seizures, or heart rhythm disturbances. It should not be used by those with a known sensitivity to mefloquine.
7. Long-Term Use: Lariam is typically prescribed for short-term travel to malaria-endemic areas. Prolonged use may increase the risk of side effects. Consult your healthcare provider for alternatives if you need extended malaria prevention.
8. Driving and Operating Machinery: Lariam can affect your ability to drive or operate heavy machinery due to its neuropsychiatric side effects. Avoid these activities until you are certain of your response to the medication.

Lariam can interact with several other medications, potentially leading to adverse effects or reduced efficacy. It’s crucial to inform your healthcare provider about all the medicines you are taking to prevent any potential complications. Here are some notable medications that may interact with Lariam:

1. Antacids: Some antacids containing aluminum or magnesium can reduce the absorption of Lariam. It is advisable to separate the administration of Lariam and antacids by at least two hours.
2. Antiseizure Medications: Lariam may reduce the effectiveness of antiseizure drugs like phenytoin and carbamazepine. Your healthcare provider may need to adjust your seizure medication dosage if you are taking Lariam.
3. Anti-malarial Medications: Combining Lariam with other anti-malarial medications can increase the risk of adverse effects. Consult your doctor if you need to switch or combine malaria prevention treatments.
4. Warfarin: Lariam may increase the effects of warfarin, a blood-thinning medication. Regular monitoring of your blood clotting time is essential if you are on both medications.
5. Psychiatric Medications: Lariam can interact with psychiatric medications like selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and may increase the risk of neuropsychiatric side effects. Discuss this with your healthcare provider if you are on any psychiatric medication.
6. Cimetidine: The combination of Lariam and cimetidine, a medication used to treat heartburn, may increase Lariam’s blood levels. Close monitoring is necessary if you are taking both drugs.
7. Rifampin: Rifampin, an antibiotic used for tuberculosis, may reduce the effectiveness of Lariam. Consider alternative malaria prevention methods if you are taking rifampin.

Remember that this list is not exhaustive, and there may be other medications that can interact with Lariam.

While Lariam is a solid choice, there are alternative antimalarials to suit individual preferences and medical considerations. These include:

1. Atovaquone/Proguanil: Daily dosage, well-tolerated, ideal for short trips.
2. Doxycycline: Daily dosage, cost-effective, but may cause skin sensitivity.
3. Chloroquine and Proguanil: Suitable for areas with low drug resistance, cost-effective.

Choosing the Right Antimalarial

When selecting an antimalarial, consider factors such as your travel duration, destination, medical history, and personal preferences. Consult with a healthcare professional to determine the most suitable option for your needs.

Lariam Patient Information Leaflet

NHS Malaria

Fit For Travel

The Family Chemist Malaria